英國旅游景點介紹ppt「英國旅游景點介紹ppt中文」
中英文介紹英國旅游景點
以前到過大英博物館(British Museum)的人可能多少會覺得,大英豐富堂皇的收藏。居然沒有一個足以襯托其地位的中庭,來迎接每日眾多的游客。尤其是運氣不好在前一兩年參觀大英博物館的人,一定對于大門前的圍墻,施工的混亂感到不解。不過這一切的不方便,在去年年底嶄新的迎賓大廳(The Great Court)開放后,終於得以化解。這個耗資1億英鎊,由1999年底開始動工的整修計劃,以伊利沙白皇后二世為名的大廳,在2000年的12月7日正式啟用。整個大廳的屋頂完全以玻璃精巧覆蓋,把原來當(dāng)作博物館的內(nèi)部庭園,還有世界知名的閱覽室,全部轉(zhuǎn)換成一個漂亮廣大并且壯觀的公共空間。這個動用了1000噸石材、400噸鋼筋,還有300噸玻璃精心打造的大廳,美麗的外觀,古典的線條,讓旅客在一進(jìn)入大英博物館,整個注意力完全被吸引至此一嶄新的構(gòu)造上。另外,位于此大廳中心的,就是大英博物館珍貴的閱覽室(Reading Room)。這個圓頂形狀,建于1857年擁有許多珍藏書籍的閱覽室,原本只提供持有閱覽證的人士作研究之用,目前也藉由這個整修計劃,向一般大眾開放,讓所有旅客得以一窺其真面目。自從大廳開幕以后,大英博物館的公共空間不僅更寬敞、明亮,大廳連接各個展覽空間的功能,也讓整個參觀的動現(xiàn)更為流暢。另外,藉由這次的整修計劃,也提升了證個大英博物館的硬體水準(zhǔn),讓旅客有更舒適的參觀空間。例如在大廳的兩側(cè)及上方,規(guī)劃了咖啡座和餐廳,讓旅客在勞累時,可以坐下來喝杯茶休息,或是舒服的用餐。而沿著閱覽室的外側(cè),則有多達(dá)叁間亮麗的博物館商店坐落于此,讓旅客在參觀之馀,還可以購買一些小禮品來紀(jì)念這次的參觀。大英博物館也適度地調(diào)整大廳的開放時間,除了周一到周三開放至晚上9點,周四到周六更開放到晚上11點,這大概是全世界中屬一屬二開放得最晚的博物館了。有意造訪倫敦的旅客,晚上如果沒有特別計劃,不妨到此走走。
景點地址:Great Russell Street如何到達(dá):公共汽車:10, 24, 29, 73, 134;號線
地鐵:Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Russell Square,Goodge St
開放時間:星期一:9:00 - 18:00。星期二,三:9:00 - 21:00,星期四-星期六:9:00 -
景點電話:+44 (0)20 7580 1788
景點傳真:+44 (0)20 7323 8614 Had been to the British Museum (British Museum) the number of people may feel, Great Britain has a rich grand collection. Actually do not have a sufficient background of their position in court, to meet the daily number of visitors. Particularly bad luck in the former in 2012 who visited the British Museum must for large wall in front of the construction chaos puzzled. However, all this inconvenience, in the end of last year's welcome a new hall (The Great Court) and opening up, finally resolved. The cost of 100 million pounds, from the end of 1999, commence the refurbishment program to the Queen Elizabeth II, in the name of the hall,
In 2000, was officially opened December 7. The entire roof of the hall completely delicate glass covered the original house as a museum garden, as well as world-famous reading room, converted into a pretty broad and spectacular public space. The use of the 1,000 tons of stone, 400 tons of steel, as well as 300 tons of glass, well-built hall, beautiful appearance and classic lines, so that visitors entered the British Museum, the entire a ttention was completely attracted to this a new construction on. In addition, the center located in this hall, that is, the British Museum reading room for rare (Reading Room). The dome shape, was built in a
857-year reading room has many collection of books, originally held by only those who read the cards for research purposes, is also through the renovation plan, open to the general public so that all visitors to a glimpse of their own identities. Since the opening of the hall after the British Museum's public space is not only more spacious, bright lobby to connect the various functions of exhibition space, but also the entire tour is a more fluid movement. In addition, through this renovation plan and it has raised a big British Museum card hardware level, so that visitors have a more comfortable space for visitors. For example, in the hall on both sides and above the planned cafes and restaurants, so that
Visitors in the tired, you can sit down and rest a cup of tea or a comfortable dining. And along the outside of reading, there are as many as three units located in this beautiful museum shop, so that visitors to visit the rest, you can also buy some small gifts to commemorate the visit. The British Museum is also appropriate to adjust the opening hours of the hall, apart from Monday to Wednesday open until 9 pm, Thursday to Saturday is more open to 11 pm, it is probably the world belongs to a genus 2 was the latest of the museum open . Tourists interested in visiting London at night if there is no special program, it may be this walk.Attractions Address: Great Russell Street How to get there: Bus: 10, 24, 29, 73, 134; Line
Metro: Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Russell Square, Goodge St
Opening hours: Monday: 9:00 - 18:00. Tue Wed: 9:00 - 21:00, Thursday - Saturday: 9:00 --
Attractions Tel: +44 (0) 2075801788
Attractions Fax: +44 (0) 2073238614
英國倫敦著名景點介紹
倫敦旅游景點
1:大英博物館
大英博物館,不僅是英國最大、歷史最悠久的博物館,也是全世界規(guī)模最大、歷史最久、最具代表性的綜合性博物館,自1759年對外開放,藏品豐富、種類繁多、設(shè)置齊全,僅公共展出的藏品就將近800萬件左右。倫敦旅游景點2:倫敦塔橋
據(jù)說,倫敦塔橋是英國倫敦的第一座泰晤士河口橋,被稱為倫敦的象征,而且在各大英劇中的出鏡率極高。橋身分為上下兩層,上層就是懸空人行道,游客可以行走,能飽覽泰晤士河唯美的兩岸風(fēng)景。倫敦旅游景點3:倫敦眼
倫敦眼,也是倫敦的地標(biāo),是加上就是一座摩天輪,但它卻是世界上第一大的摩天輪,在整個倫敦中最為醒目。倫敦眼的高度約有135米左右,共有32個座艙,每個座艙約能承載20人,就坐落于泰晤士河之畔。倫敦旅游景點4:海德公園
海德公園,是英國最具知名度的皇家公園,位于白金漢宮的左側(cè)位置,占地約2.5萬平方公里左右。公園內(nèi)一望無際的草坪上每天都會有很多民眾在曬太陽,而且還有騎馬專用道。倫敦旅游景點5:諾丁山
諾丁山位于倫敦西部地區(qū),最大的特色就是居民混居,隨處可見濃郁的異國風(fēng)情。每年8月的最后一個周末,第一天是當(dāng)?shù)氐膬和?a href='/kuanghuanjie/' target=_blank>狂歡節(jié),第二天則是成人狂歡節(jié),因此也吸引了大批有人,吃喝玩樂、熱鬧非凡。倫敦旅游景點6:倫敦動物園倫敦旅游景點7:白金漢宮倫敦旅游景點8:倫敦塔倫敦旅游景點9:泰晤士河倫敦旅游景點10:杜莎夫人蠟像館
英國著名景點三個 簡單的英語介紹
一、白金漢宮(Buckingham Palace)
1、英文
Buckingham Palace is the principal dormitory and office of the British monarch in London.
Located in Westminster, the palace is one of the venues for national celebrations and royal welcoming ceremonies, as well as an important tourist attraction.
Buckingham Palace is an important venue for gatherings at times of celebration or crisis in British history.
Buckingham Palace is now open to visitors. Every morning, there will be a famous handover ceremony of the guards, which has become a great view of British Royal culture.
2、中文
白金漢宮是英國君主位于倫敦的主要寢宮及辦公處。宮殿坐落在威斯敏斯特,是國家慶典和王室歡迎禮舉行場地之一,也是一處重要的旅游景點。
在英國歷史上的歡慶或危機(jī)時刻,白金漢宮是一處重要的集會場所?,F(xiàn)在的白金漢宮對外開放參觀,每天清晨都會進(jìn)行著名的禁衛(wèi)軍交接典禮,成為英國王室文化的一大景觀。
二、伊麗莎白塔(Elizabeth Tower)
1、英文
Elizabeth Tower, formerly known as Big Ben, is the Bell Tower of Westminster Palace, one of the world's famous Gothic buildings, the landmark building of London.
In June 2012, Britain announced the renaming of the Bell Tower of Big Ben, a famous landmark in London, as "Elizabeth Tower".
2、中文
伊麗莎白塔,舊稱大本鐘,即威斯敏斯特宮鐘塔,世界上著名的哥特式建筑之一,倫敦的標(biāo)志性建筑。
英國國會會議廳附屬的鐘樓的大報時鐘,2012年6月,英國宣布把倫敦著名地標(biāo)“大本鐘”的鐘樓改名為“伊麗莎白塔”。
三、圣保羅大教堂(St.Paul's Cathedral)
1、英文
St. Paul's Cathedral is the world's famous religious shrine, the fifth Cathedral in the world, the first cathedral in Britain.
and the second largest dome Cathedral in the world, ranking among the five cathedrals in the world.
2、中文
圣保羅大教堂是世界著名的宗教圣地,世界第五大教堂,英國第一大教堂,教堂也是世界第二大圓頂教堂,位列世界五大教堂之列。
四、倫敦塔(Tower of London)
1、英文
The Tower of London, a landmark palace and fortress in London, England, is located on the Thames River. James I (1566-1625) was the last ruler to live in the palace.
The Tower of London served as a fortress, armoury, treasury, mint, palace, astronomical observatory, refuge and prison, especially for upper-class prisoners.
It was last used as a prison during the Second World War.
2、中文
倫敦塔,是英國倫敦一座標(biāo)志性的宮殿、要塞,選址在泰晤士河。詹姆士一世(1566-1625)是將其作為宮殿居住的最后一位統(tǒng)治者。
倫敦塔曾作為堡壘、軍械庫、國庫、鑄幣廠、宮殿、天文臺、避難所和監(jiān)獄,特別關(guān)押上層階級的囚犯,最后一次作為監(jiān)獄使用是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間。
五、威斯敏斯特大教堂(The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster)
1、英文
Westminster Abbey, commonly known as Westminster Abbey, is situated on the North Bank of the Thames in London.
It was originally a Catholic Benedictine monastery. It was built in 960, expanded in 1045, built in 1065 and rebuilt from 1220 to 1517.
Westminster Church was the Catholic Benedict Church (one of the Catholic Hermitage) until the founding of the Anglican Church in 1540. After 1540, it became an Anglican church.
2、中文
威斯敏斯特大教堂,通稱威斯敏斯特修道院,坐落在倫敦泰晤士河北岸,原是一座天主教本篤會隱修院,始建于公元960 年,1045年進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)建,1065年建成,1220年至1517年進(jìn)行了重建。
威斯敏斯特教堂在1540年英王創(chuàng)建圣公會之前,它一直是天主教本篤會(天主教的隱修院修會之一)教堂。1540年之后,成為圣公會教堂。
參考資料來源:百度百科——白金漢宮
參考資料來源:百度百科——伊麗莎白塔
參考資料來源:百度百科——圣保羅大教堂
參考資料來源:百度百科——倫敦塔
參考資料來源:百度百科——威斯敏斯特教堂
英國比較有名的景點都有哪些
英國旅游景點介紹
從美麗的英國南部風(fēng)光,城堡建筑林立的威爾士,廣漠荒原和險峻高山分布的蘇格蘭到擁有眾多中世紀(jì)都市、城鎮(zhèn)、房屋和花園的英格蘭風(fēng)光秀麗。以下就給大家介紹一些可供參觀的景點。
ENGLAND 英格蘭
ALNWICK城堡---諾森伯蘭郡公爵和珀西一家人的舊址,早在1509年他們就居住在這里。房子的外觀屬于中世紀(jì)的格局,古樸典雅,內(nèi)部卻又蘊(yùn)藏著數(shù)不盡的珍寶和圖片壁畫。
巴斯---英國最漂亮典雅的城市之一,因其喬治亞時期的房屋建筑風(fēng)格而著稱。在這里你可以參觀到1世紀(jì)時羅馬人在溫泉附近建立的宏偉的浴室遺址。
BEAULIEU House---曾是Lord Montague的住所,有著13世紀(jì)建立但被亨利三世在混戰(zhàn)中破壞的Old Palace的原貌,這里還存有Lord Montague建立的一個National Motor Museum,收藏著200多輛大轎車、公共汽車和賽車。
BROADWAY/EVESHAM/PERSHORE---是三座非常漂亮的村莊,其中Broadway是典型的科茨沃爾德丘陵風(fēng)格建筑,而另外兩個則是建立在赫里福和伍斯特郡的黑白相間的木制建筑。
CHATSWORTH---該建筑位于德文特河旁邊的大片草木區(qū)內(nèi),是為Devonshire一世公爵建立的, 其間收藏著眾多無價的珍寶,包括圖畫、書籍和家具設(shè)施等等。這里還有一個華麗的花園,是由Capability Brown和Joseph Paxton兩人設(shè)計修建的,里面還有一個水柱噴射高達(dá)90米的噴泉。
切斯特---這是一個擁有2000年歷史的古城,也是英國至今保存最完整的一個城市,擁有眾多的黑白相間的中世紀(jì)建筑,木制長廊的店鋪林立在街道兩旁。
達(dá)拉謨---12世紀(jì)建立于河流拐彎處的一個大教堂,毗鄰諾曼城堡,如今成為達(dá)拉謨大學(xué)的一部分。
JORVIK VIKING CENTRE----位于約克角的Jorvik是一個尚未被考古學(xué)家完全揭開的海盜城,它作為一個博物館重現(xiàn)著Jorvik時代人們的生活。
LEVENS HALL---這是瀕臨英國湖泊地區(qū)的伊麗莎白時代的房屋,灰泥漫地、鑲板精裝,還有修剪的怪異離奇的灌木花園。
利物浦---在當(dāng)代以著名的甲殼蟲樂隊和Liverpool and Everton足球隊而著稱。它革新后的船塢地區(qū)仍然營造著它過去的海事氛圍。
WINCHESTER---它是完工于13世紀(jì)歐洲最長的哥特式教堂,也是唯一留存下來的一部分13世紀(jì)城堡建筑,其中還保存有“亞瑟國王的圓桌”。
WINDERMERE---這是英國最長的一個湖泊,可以從Bowness乘舟直到湖泊最北面的Ambleside。
約克角大教堂---最初是北歐海盜的聚集地,現(xiàn)在呈現(xiàn)的則是13-15世紀(jì)的哥特式教堂建筑風(fēng)格。城鎮(zhèn)大部分為中世紀(jì)的城墻所包圍,城堡中則多是蜿蜒曲折的街道。
SCOTLAND蘇格蘭
本 尼維斯山---位于英國蘇格 蘭丘陵中心地帶最高的一座山,山上終年都有纜車可以載你到半山腰去欣賞壯麗的景色。
愛丁堡城---它占據(jù)了愛丁堡最引人注目的位置,并且蘊(yùn)藏著蘇格蘭的王室珍寶。
GLENCOE---是位于崇山峻嶺中的一個狹長山谷,著名的部落戰(zhàn)爭和1692年大****就發(fā)生在這里。
LOMOND海灣---是蘇格蘭眾多海灣中最具浪漫色彩的一個,同時在這里還可以泛舟而行。
HOLYROODHOUSE宮殿---英女王在蘇格蘭的官邸,不過大部分已經(jīng)被查理二世所重建。
斯特靈城堡---無論從地理位置還是建筑風(fēng)格上來說它都堪稱是蘇格蘭城堡中最宏偉的。
TRAQUAIR HOUSE---它是蘇格蘭王室的早期居住地,也是最古老的一個。它最初是一個王室的圍場,現(xiàn)在也還有人居住著。
西部高地海岸---這里擁有曲折的海岸線和眾多的海灣和島嶼,可以算是蘇格蘭最漂亮的地方。
WALES威爾士
CAERNARFON 城堡---這是威爾士城堡中最吸引人的一個,不過最初在13世紀(jì)屬于羅馬所有。這是威爾士親王于1969年出資購買的,它囊括了城鎮(zhèn)中各式各樣的博物館。在羅馬時代它還曾作為一個海港。
LLECHWEDD 巖洞---它是Blaenau Ffestiniog巨型石灰礦山中的一個,是一個名叫Tramway的礦工于1846年順著一個洞窟線路圖發(fā)現(xiàn)的。而第二個則位于英國最深的客運鐵路下,一直延伸到Deep Mine。
PORTMEIRION是一個富有神奇和浪漫色彩的村莊,建于二十世紀(jì)二、三十年代,采用意大利的建筑風(fēng)格。它坐落于江河入???/a>,途徑濃密的灌木叢和林地。它還是Portmeirion陶器的產(chǎn)地。
英國最著名的旅游景點有哪些
英國的著名景點有大本鐘、大英博物館、愛丁堡城堡、泰晤士河、倫敦塔、白金漢宮、英格蘭。
大本鐘:每隔1小時,大鐘根據(jù)格林威治時間發(fā)出沉重而鏗鏘的響聲,在數(shù)英里之外也能聽到鐘聲的回蕩。大本鐘被視為倫敦的象征,凡到倫敦觀光的人,無不想到鐘樓周圍,站在議會橋上欣賞倫敦這個獨具一格的建筑。
大英博物館:位于倫敦中心,鬧區(qū)的格雷·拉塞爾大街北側(cè)。它是一座規(guī)模龐大的古羅馬柱式建立,氣魄雄偉、十分壯觀。這里珍藏的文物和圖書資料是世界上任何一個博物館所不能比擬的。
愛丁堡城堡。愛丁堡城堡建於一座火山狀的石山上,站在城堡中可俯視整個城市,可以說這是一處天然的要塞。每到夏季的藝術(shù)節(jié)期間,這里都要舉行著名的軍樂隊行進(jìn)演出。?外出旅游是較累的,因此,有個安靜、舒適的住宿休息的環(huán)境很重要,可以通過小程序旅小筑來預(yù)訂。
英國著名的城市有哪些景點?
英國旅游景點介紹:從美麗的英國南部風(fēng)光,城堡建筑林立的威爾士,廣漠荒原和險峻高山分布的蘇格蘭到擁有眾多中世紀(jì)都市、城鎮(zhèn)、房屋和花園的英格蘭風(fēng)光秀麗?!競惗亍?國會大廈和大本鐘 莎士比亞環(huán)球劇場 白金漢宮 大英博物館 杜莎夫人蠟像館 福爾摩斯博物館 格林威治天文臺 海德公園 漢普頓宮 肯辛頓宮 倫敦塔 圣保羅大教堂 塔橋 維多利亞與艾伯特博物館 溫莎古堡 西敏寺「愛丁堡」 愛丁堡城堡 荷里路德宮 蘇格蘭威士忌中心「巴斯」 羅馬古浴場 普爾特尼三拱橋 皇家新月型大廈「格林威治」 格林威治公園 海事博物館 千禧巨蛋「劍橋」 劍橋大學(xué) 國王學(xué)院 圣瑪利教堂
英國旅游攻略英文ppt「英國旅游景點介紹英文」 英國旅游景點介紹
中英文介紹英國旅游景點
以前到過大英博物館(British Museum)的人可能多少會覺得,大英豐富堂皇的收藏。居然沒有一個足以襯托其地位的中庭,來迎接每日眾多的游客。尤其是運氣不好在前一兩年參觀大英博物館的人,一定對于大門前的圍墻,施工的混亂感到不解。不過這一切的不方便,在去年年底嶄新的迎賓大廳(The Great Court)開放后,終於得以化解。這個耗資1億英鎊,由1999年底開始動工的整修計劃,以伊利沙白皇后二世為名的大廳,在2000年的12月7日正式啟用。整個大廳的屋頂完全以玻璃精巧覆蓋,把原來當(dāng)作博物館的內(nèi)部庭園,還有世界知名的閱覽室,全部轉(zhuǎn)換成一個漂亮廣大并且壯觀的公共空間。這個動用了1000噸石材、400噸鋼筋,還有300噸玻璃精心打造的大廳,美麗的外觀,古典的線條,讓旅客在一進(jìn)入大英博物館,整個注意力完全被吸引至此一嶄新的構(gòu)造上。另外,位于此大廳中心的,就是大英博物館珍貴的閱覽室(Reading Room)。這個圓頂形狀,建于1857年擁有許多珍藏書籍的閱覽室,原本只提供持有閱覽證的人士作研究之用,目前也藉由這個整修計劃,向一般大眾開放,讓所有旅客得以一窺其真面目。自從大廳開幕以后,大英博物館的公共空間不僅更寬敞、明亮,大廳連接各個展覽空間的功能,也讓整個參觀的動現(xiàn)更為流暢。另外,藉由這次的整修計劃,也提升了證個大英博物館的硬體水準(zhǔn),讓旅客有更舒適的參觀空間。例如在大廳的兩側(cè)及上方,規(guī)劃了咖啡座和餐廳,讓旅客在勞累時,可以坐下來喝杯茶休息,或是舒服的用餐。而沿著閱覽室的外側(cè),則有多達(dá)叁間亮麗的博物館商店坐落于此,讓旅客在參觀之馀,還可以購買一些小禮品來紀(jì)念這次的參觀。大英博物館也適度地調(diào)整大廳的開放時間,除了周一到周三開放至晚上9點,周四到周六更開放到晚上11點,這大概是全世界中屬一屬二開放得最晚的博物館了。有意造訪倫敦的旅客,晚上如果沒有特別計劃,不妨到此走走。
景點地址:Great Russell Street如何到達(dá):公共汽車:10, 24, 29, 73, 134;號線
地鐵:Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Russell Square,Goodge St
開放時間:星期一:9:00 - 18:00。星期二,三:9:00 - 21:00,星期四-星期六:9:00 -
景點電話:+44 (0)20 7580 1788
景點傳真:+44 (0)20 7323 8614 Had been to the British Museum (British Museum) the number of people may feel, Great Britain has a rich grand collection. Actually do not have a sufficient background of their position in court, to meet the daily number of visitors. Particularly bad luck in the former in 2012 who visited the British Museum must for large wall in front of the construction chaos puzzled. However, all this inconvenience, in the end of last year's welcome a new hall (The Great Court) and opening up, finally resolved. The cost of 100 million pounds, from the end of 1999, commence the refurbishment program to the Queen Elizabeth II, in the name of the hall,
In 2000, was officially opened December 7. The entire roof of the hall completely delicate glass covered the original house as a museum garden, as well as world-famous reading room, converted into a pretty broad and spectacular public space. The use of the 1,000 tons of stone, 400 tons of steel, as well as 300 tons of glass, well-built hall, beautiful appearance and classic lines, so that visitors entered the British Museum, the entire attention was completely attracted to this a new construction on. In addition, the center located in this hall, that is, the British Museum reading room for rare (Reading Room). The dome shape, was built in a
857-year reading room has many collection of books, originally held by only those who read the cards for research purposes, is also through the renovation plan, open to the general public so that all visitors to a glimpse of their own identities. Since the opening of the hall after the British Museum's public space is not only more spacious, bright lobby to connect the various functions of exhibition space, but also the entire tour is a more fluid movement. In addition, through this renovation plan and it has raised a big British Museum card hardware level, so that visitors have a more comfortable space for visitors. For example, in the hall on both sides and above the planned cafes and restaurants, so that
Visitors in the tired, you can sit down and rest a cup of tea or a comfortable dining. And along the outside of reading, there are as many as three units located in this beautiful museum shop, so that visitors to visit the rest, you can also buy some small gifts to commemorate the visit. The British Museum is also appropriate to adjust the opening hours of the hall, apart from Monday to Wednesday open until 9 pm, Thursday to Saturday is more open to 11 pm, it is probably the world belongs to a genus 2 was the latest of the museum open . Tourists interested in visiting London at night if there is no special program, it may be this walk.Attractions Address: Great Russell Street How to get there: Bus: 10, 24, 29, 73, 134; Line
Metro: Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Russell Square, Goodge St
Opening hours: Monday: 9:00 - 18:00. Tue Wed: 9:00 - 21:00, Thursday - Saturday: 9:00 --
Attractions Tel: +44 (0) 2075801788
Attractions Fax: +44 (0) 2073238614
英國旅游概況(英文)
首先是新華網(wǎng)的中文介紹,其次是CIA的介紹(我比較常用的參考庫)
英 國 概 況
國名: 大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國 ( The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
國旗:呈橫長方形,長與寬之比為2∶1。為“米”字旗,由深藍(lán)底色和紅、白色“米”字組成。旗中帶白邊的紅色正十字代表英格蘭守護(hù)神圣喬治,白色交叉十字代表蘇格蘭守護(hù)神圣安德魯,紅色交叉十字代表愛爾蘭守護(hù)神圣帕特里克。此旗產(chǎn)生于1801年,是由原英格蘭的白地紅色正十旗、蘇格蘭的藍(lán)地白色交叉十字旗和愛爾蘭的白地紅色交叉十字旗重疊而成。
國徽:即英王徽。中心圖案為一枚盾徽,盾面上左上角和右下角為紅地上三只金獅,象征英格蘭;右上角為金地上半站立的紅獅,象征蘇格蘭;左下角為藍(lán)地上金黃色豎琴,象征愛爾蘭。盾徽兩側(cè)各由一只頭戴王冠、代表英格蘭的獅子和一只代表蘇格蘭的獨角獸支扶著。盾徽周圍用法文寫著一句格言,意為“惡有惡報”;下端懸掛著嘉德勛章,飾帶上寫著“天有上帝,我有權(quán)利”。盾徽上端為鑲有珠寶的金銀色頭盔、帝國王冠和頭戴王冠的獅子。
國歌:《上帝保佑女王》 "god save the queen"(如在位的是男性君主,國歌改為"god save the king")
國花:玫瑰花
國鳥:紅胸鴿
國石:鉆石
科學(xué)節(jié):1831年開始,一年舉辦一次
科學(xué)周:1994年開始,在每年的3月舉辦
國家政要:女王伊麗莎白二世(Queen Elizabeth II),1952年2月6日即位,1953年6月2日加冕;上院議長兼大法官歐文勛爵(Lord Irvine of Lairg),1997年5月任上院議長;下院議長邁克爾·馬?。∕ichael Martin);首相托尼·布萊爾(tony blair) ,1997年5月任職,2001年6月連任。
自然地理:24.41萬平方公里(包括內(nèi)陸水域),英格蘭地區(qū)13. 04萬平方公里,蘇格蘭7. 88萬平方公里,威爾士2. 08萬平方公里,北愛爾蘭1. 41萬平方公里。位于歐洲西部的島國。由大不列顛島(包括英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士)、愛爾蘭島東北部和周圍一些小島組成。隔北海、多佛爾海峽、英吉利海峽與歐洲大陸相望。它的陸界與愛爾蘭共和國接壤。海岸線總長11450公里。全境分為四部分:英格蘭東南部平原、中西部山區(qū)、蘇格蘭山區(qū)、北愛爾蘭高原和山區(qū)。主要河流有塞文河(354公里)和泰晤士河(346公里)。北愛爾蘭的訥湖(396平方公里)面積居全國之首。屬海洋性溫帶闊葉林氣候,終年溫和濕潤。通常最高氣溫不超過32℃,最低氣溫不低于-10℃,平均氣溫1月4~7℃,7月13~17℃。多雨霧,秋冬尤甚。年平均降水量約1000毫米。北部和西部山區(qū)的年降水量超過1600毫米,中部和東部則少于800毫米。每年三月至六月最為干燥,九月至來年一月最為濕潤。
人口:5883萬(2000年7月),其中英格蘭人4930萬,蘇格蘭人510萬,威爾士人290萬,北愛爾蘭人170萬。官方和通用語均為英語。威爾士北部還使用威爾士語,蘇格蘭西北高地及北愛爾蘭通用蓋爾語。居民多信奉基督教新教,主要分英格蘭教會(也稱英國國教圣公會,其成員約占英成人的60%)和蘇格蘭教會(也稱長老會,有成年教徒66萬)。另有天主教會和印度教、猶太教及伊斯蘭教等較大的宗教社團(tuán)。
首都:倫敦(london);人口:728.5萬(1999年)。最熱月份為7月,一般氣溫在13℃-22℃;最冷月份為1月,一般氣溫在2℃-6℃。
行政區(qū)劃:分英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭四部分。英格蘭劃分為43個郡,蘇格蘭下設(shè)29個區(qū)和3個特別管轄區(qū),北愛爾蘭下設(shè)26個區(qū),威爾士下設(shè)22個區(qū)。蘇格蘭、威爾士議會及其行政機(jī)構(gòu)全? ?負(fù)責(zé)地方事務(wù),外交、國防、總體經(jīng)濟(jì)和貨幣政策、就業(yè)政策以及社會保障等仍由中央政府控制。倫敦稱“大倫敦”(Greater London),下設(shè)獨立的32個城區(qū)(London boroughs) 和1個“金融城”(City of London)。各區(qū)議會負(fù)責(zé)各區(qū)主要事務(wù),但與大倫敦市長及議會協(xié)同處理涉及整個倫敦的事務(wù)。此外,英國還有12個屬地。
倫 敦 塔 橋
簡史:公元前地中海伊比利亞人,比克人,凱爾特人,先后來到不列顛。1-5世紀(jì)英格蘭東南部為羅馬帝國統(tǒng)治。羅馬人撤走后,歐洲北部的盎格魯人、薩克遜人、朱特人相繼入侵并定居。7世紀(jì)開始形成封建制度,許多小國并成七個王國,爭雄達(dá)200年之久,稱“盎格魯—撒克遜時代”。829年威塞克斯國王愛格伯特統(tǒng)一了英格蘭。8世紀(jì)末遭丹麥人侵襲,1016年至1042年為丹麥海盜帝國的一部分。其后經(jīng)英王短期統(tǒng)治,1066年諾曼底公爵渡海征服英格蘭。1215年約翰王被迫簽署大憲章,王權(quán)遭抑制。1338年至1453 年英法進(jìn)行“百年戰(zhàn)爭”,英國先勝后敗。1588年擊敗西班牙“無敵艦隊”,樹立海上霸權(quán)。1640年爆發(fā)資產(chǎn)階級革命。1649年5月19日宣布為共和國。1660年王朝復(fù)辟,1668年發(fā)生“光榮革命”,確定了君主立憲制。1707年英格蘭與蘇格蘭合并,1801年又與愛爾蘭合并。18世紀(jì)后半葉至19世紀(jì)上半葉,成為世界上第一個完成工業(yè)革命的國家。19世紀(jì)是大英帝國的全盛時期,1914年占有的殖民地比本土大111倍,是第一殖民大國,自稱“日不落帝國”。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后開始衰敗。英國于1920年設(shè)立北愛蘭郡,并于1921年至1922年允許愛爾蘭南部脫離其統(tǒng)治,成立獨立國家。1931年頒布威斯敏斯特法案,被迫承認(rèn)其自治領(lǐng)在內(nèi)政、外交上獨立自主,大英帝國殖民體系從此動搖。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中經(jīng)濟(jì)實力大為削弱,政治地位下降。隨著1947年印度和巴基斯坦的相繼獨立,到60年代,英帝國殖民體系瓦解。1973年1月加入歐共體。
倫 敦 大 本 鐘
政治:英國的憲法不同于絕大多數(shù)國家的憲法,并不是一個獨立的文件,它是由成文法、習(xí)慣法、慣例組成。主要有大憲章(1215年)、人身保護(hù)法(1679年)、權(quán)利法案(1689年)、議會法(1911、1949年)以及歷次修改的選舉法、市自治法、郡議會法等。蘇格蘭另有自己獨立的法律體系。政體為君主立憲制。國王是國家元首、最高司法長官、武裝部隊總司令和英國圣公會的“最高領(lǐng)袖”,形式上有權(quán)任免首相、各部大臣、高級法官、軍官、各屬地的總督、外交官、主教及英國圣公會的高級神職人員等,并有召集、停止和解散議會,批準(zhǔn)法律,宣戰(zhàn)媾和等權(quán)力,但實權(quán)在內(nèi)閣。議會是最高司法和立法機(jī)構(gòu),由國王、上院和下院組成。上院(貴族院)包括王室后裔、世襲貴族、新封貴族、上訴法院法官和教會大主教及主教組成。1999年11月,上院改革法案通過,除102名留任外,600多名世襲貴族失去上院議員資格,非政治任命的上院議員將由專門的皇家委員會推薦。下院也叫平民院,議員由普選產(chǎn)生,采取最多票當(dāng)選的小選區(qū)選舉制度,任期5年。但政府可決定提前大選。政府實行內(nèi)閣制,由女王任命在議會選舉中獲多數(shù)席位的政黨領(lǐng)袖出任首相并組閣,向議會負(fù)責(zé)。
政黨:(1)工黨(Labour Party):執(zhí)政黨。1900年成立,原名勞工代表委員會,1906年改用現(xiàn)名。該黨曾于1945-1951年,1964-1970年,1974-1979年上臺執(zhí)政。1997年大選獲勝,2001年6月大選后蟬聯(lián)執(zhí)政。工黨近年來更多傾向于中產(chǎn)階級的利益,與工會關(guān)系有所疏遠(yuǎn)。布萊爾當(dāng)選工黨領(lǐng)袖后,政治上提出“新工黨、新英國”的口號,取消黨章中有關(guān)公有制的第? ?條款,經(jīng)濟(jì)上主張減少政府干預(yù),嚴(yán)格控制公共開支,保持宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長,建立現(xiàn)代福利制度。對外主張積極參與國際合作,對歐洲一體化持積極態(tài)度,主張加入歐元,主張同美國保持特殊關(guān)系?,F(xiàn)有黨員近40萬名,是英國第一大黨。(2)保守黨(Conservative Party): 主要反對黨。前身為1679年成立的托利黨,1833年改稱現(xiàn)名。該黨從1979至1997年4次連續(xù)執(zhí)政,成為20世紀(jì)在英國占主導(dǎo)地位的政黨。在1997年5月和2001年6月兩次大選中慘敗于工黨。保守黨的支持者一般來自企業(yè)界和富裕階層,主張自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)。通過嚴(yán)格控制貨幣供應(yīng)量和減少公共開支等措施來壓低通貨膨脹。主張限制工會權(quán)利,加強(qiáng)“法律”和“秩序”。 近年來,提出實行“富有同情心的保守主義”,關(guān)注教育、醫(yī)療、貧困等社會問題。強(qiáng)調(diào)維護(hù)英國主權(quán),反對“聯(lián)邦歐洲”,反對加入歐元,主張建立“大西洋共同體”以加強(qiáng)英美特殊關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)北約仍是英國安全與防務(wù)的基石。現(xiàn)有黨員30多萬名。(3)自由民主黨(The Liberal Democrat Party):1988年3月由原自由黨和社會民主黨內(nèi)支持同自由黨合并的多數(shù)派組成。主張繼續(xù)維持與工黨的合作關(guān)系,推動工黨在地方選舉及下院選舉中實行比例代表制,在公共服務(wù)、社會公正、環(huán)境保護(hù)等問題上采取比工黨更“進(jìn)步”的政策?,F(xiàn)有黨員約10萬名,是英國第三大黨。此外,英國其他政黨還有:蘇格蘭民族黨 (Scottish National Party)、威爾士民族黨 (Plaid Cymru) 以及北愛爾蘭一些政黨如:北愛爾蘭統(tǒng)一黨(Ulster Unionist Party)、民主統(tǒng)一黨 (Democratic Unionist Party) 、社會民主工黨 (Social Democratic and Labour Party)、新芬黨 (Sinn Fein) 等。
大 英 博 物 館 的 圓 形 閱 覽 室
司法:有三種不同的法律體系:英格蘭和威爾士實行普通法系,蘇格蘭實行民法法系,北愛爾蘭實行與英格蘭相似的法律制度。司法機(jī)構(gòu)分民事法庭和刑事法庭兩個系統(tǒng)。在英格蘭和威爾士,民事審理機(jī)構(gòu)按級分為郡法院、高等法院、上訴法院民事庭、上院。刑事審理機(jī)構(gòu)按級分為地方法院、刑事法院、上訴法院刑事庭、上院。英國最高司法機(jī)關(guān)為上院,它是民、刑案件的最終上訴機(jī)關(guān)。1986年成立皇家檢察院,隸屬于國家政府機(jī)關(guān),負(fù)責(zé)受理所有的由英格蘭和威爾士警察機(jī)關(guān)提交的刑事訴訟案??倷z察長和副總檢察長是英政府的主要法律顧問并在某些國內(nèi)和國際案件中代表王室。
經(jīng)濟(jì): 英國是發(fā)達(dá)的資本主義國家。其國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值在西方國家中居前列。英國制造業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的比重有所下降,仍占領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位;服務(wù)業(yè)和能源所占的比重不斷增大,其中商業(yè)、金融業(yè)和保險業(yè)發(fā)展較快。
倫敦東部碼頭區(qū)新建的金融中心
2000年,英經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模居世界第四,并連續(xù)第二年成為世界最大的海外投資國。私有企業(yè)是英國經(jīng)濟(jì)的主體,占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的60%以上。服務(wù)業(yè)占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的三分之二,而制造業(yè)僅占五分之一。能源資源最豐富的國家,也是世界主要生產(chǎn)石油和天然氣的國家。主要能源有煤、石油、天然氣、核能和水力等。1999年,原油及天然液化氣日產(chǎn)量達(dá)290萬桶(約38. 41萬噸),位居世界第九。至1999年底,原油總產(chǎn)量創(chuàng)歷史紀(jì)錄,達(dá)23 .31億噸,天然氣總產(chǎn)量為149000億立方米。英國是世界上第一個滿足本國2600萬電、氣用戶的國家。1999年底,總電量達(dá)7 . 01億千瓦,其中核電站供應(yīng)1. 30億千瓦。英國采煤業(yè)完全私有化。森林覆蓋面積270萬公頃,占英本土面積約10%:其中英格蘭約8%,蘇格蘭約17%,威爾士約14%,北愛約6%。主要工業(yè)有:采礦、冶金、化工、機(jī)械、電子、電子儀器、? ?車、航空、食品、飲料、煙草、輕紡、造紙、印刷、出版、建筑等。英國重視對新能源及可再生能源的研究開發(fā)。英開發(fā)核能有幾十年的歷史,目前供發(fā)電的核電站有14座。制造業(yè)約占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值20%,從業(yè)人員逾400萬,占總就業(yè)人口14. 4%。服務(wù)業(yè)包括金融保險業(yè)、零售業(yè)、旅游業(yè)和商業(yè)服務(wù)(提供法律及咨詢服務(wù)等),近年來發(fā)展迅速。旅游業(yè)是英最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)部門之一。1999年,旅游業(yè)產(chǎn)值達(dá)640億英鎊;從旅游收入上計算,英國是世界第五大旅游國,收入占世界旅游收入的4. 5%。主要旅游點有倫敦、愛丁堡、加的夫、布賴頓、格林威治、斯特拉福、牛津、劍橋等。英國是世界第五大貿(mào)易國,貿(mào)易額占世界貿(mào)易的5. 6%。進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品主要有:食品、燃料、原材料、服裝、鞋業(yè)、電子機(jī)械設(shè)備、汽車等;出口產(chǎn)品主要有:石油及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品、化工產(chǎn)品(主要是醫(yī)藥)、食品、煙草、飲料(威士忌等)、機(jī)械設(shè)備等。
行 進(jìn) 在 摩 爾 大 街 上 的 英 國 皇 家 炮 兵 團(tuán)
軍事: 建軍時間約在17世紀(jì)中期。女王為英軍名義上的最高統(tǒng)帥。最高軍事決策機(jī)構(gòu)是“國防與海外政策委員會”,首相任主席,成員有國防大臣、外交大臣、內(nèi)政大臣、財政大臣等;必要時國防參謀長和三軍參謀和列席會議。國防部為國防執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),既是政府行政部門,又是軍事最高司令部。英國是北約集團(tuán)的創(chuàng)始國和主要成員國,擁有獨立的核力量,國家戰(zhàn)略的核心是:積極參與世界事務(wù),維護(hù)英國的國際地位;依靠和借助北約集體防務(wù)力量來保衛(wèi)歐洲和英國本土的安全,并擴(kuò)大英在歐洲的影響;積極加強(qiáng)與英聯(lián)邦國家的聯(lián)系,保護(hù)其廣泛的海外利益。1997年5月工黨政府上臺后,調(diào)整國防政策;繼續(xù)依靠北約集體防務(wù)力量作為英國安全的基礎(chǔ);保持強(qiáng)大的常規(guī)部隊;保持核威懾力量;突出強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量建軍和聯(lián)合快速反應(yīng)部隊的建設(shè),重點提高英軍處理各種危機(jī)、應(yīng)付突發(fā)事件的快速反應(yīng)能力,努力維護(hù)英在歐洲及海外傳統(tǒng)勢力范圍的戰(zhàn)略利益。實行志愿兵役制,服役期3、6、9、12、15年不等,一般最長為22年。
教育: 實行5-16歲義務(wù)教育制度。1998/1999財政年度教育經(jīng)費占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的4.9%。公立學(xué)校學(xué)生免交學(xué)費。私立學(xué)校師資條件與教學(xué)設(shè)備都較好,但收費高,學(xué)生多為富家子弟。著名的高等學(xué)校有牛津大學(xué)、劍橋大學(xué)、倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院、愛丁堡大學(xué)。
路 透 社 的 采 編 人 員 在 工 作
新聞出版:英國報紙的人均銷量比任何發(fā)達(dá)國家的都多。全國共有約1350種報紙,7000種周刊和雜志:《每日快報》、《每日郵報》、《每日鏡報》、《每日星報》、《太陽報》、《金融時報》、《每日電訊報》、《衛(wèi)報》、《獨立報》、《泰晤士報》、《世界新聞》、《星期日快報》、《星期日鏡報》、《星期日郵報》、《人民報》、《星期日電訊報》、《觀察家報》和《星期日泰晤士報》。通訊社主要有3家:(1)路透社:1850年成立,集體合營,世界重要通訊社之一,總部設(shè)在倫敦。(2)新聞聯(lián)合社:1868年創(chuàng)辦,由PA新聞、PA體育、PA檢索和PA數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計4家公司聯(lián)合經(jīng)營,專門為英國和加拿大的企業(yè)提供公關(guān)和投資信息。(3)AFX新聞有限公司:由法新社與金融時報聯(lián)合經(jīng)營,向歐洲的金融及企業(yè)界提供信息和服務(wù),在歐洲12個國家、美國及日本設(shè)立分支機(jī)構(gòu),總部在倫敦。英國廣播公司(無線電廣播網(wǎng))(BBCNetwork Radio)于1922年創(chuàng)辦。該公司有5個對內(nèi)廣播電臺,1個對外廣播電臺,用43種語言向全世界各國播放節(jié)目。英國廣播公司(電視臺) ( BBCTelevision)于1936年開始播放電? ?,有兩個臺:BBC1主要播放新聞、宗教、體育、歌劇及少兒和娛樂節(jié)目,BBC2主要播放音樂、藝術(shù)、喜劇、教育及一些特別節(jié)目。另有5個數(shù)碼頻道供交費用戶使用。廣播電臺局(the Radio Authority)負(fù)責(zé)批準(zhǔn)及管理所有獨立電臺的服務(wù),監(jiān)督節(jié)目及廣告質(zhì)量。獨立電視委員會(Independent Television Commission)負(fù)責(zé)批準(zhǔn)和規(guī)管商業(yè)電視臺服務(wù),擁有ITV(第三頻道)、第四頻道和第五頻道。ITV節(jié)目始播于1955年,24小時全天服務(wù),面向全國,三分之一時間播放新聞,其它時間播放體育、喜劇、游戲和電影等。主要靠廣告贊助。第五頻道始播于1997年3月。隨著因特網(wǎng)的迅猛發(fā)展,各主要報刊、電視均有網(wǎng)絡(luò)版,其中BBC在線是被訪問最多的網(wǎng)站。
伯明翰市維多利亞女王廣場上的市政廳大樓
外交:英國為聯(lián)合國安理會常任理事國,是世界五個核大國之一,是歐盟、北約、英聯(lián)邦、西歐聯(lián)盟等120個國際組織的重要成員國。主張同美國加強(qiáng)關(guān)系,重視發(fā)展與其他大國的關(guān)系,努力改善同中、俄、日等大國的關(guān)系。努力維系同英聯(lián)邦國家的聯(lián)系,保持和擴(kuò)大在發(fā)展中國家的影響。積極參與全球事務(wù),保持強(qiáng)大的國防力量、強(qiáng)調(diào)自由貿(mào)易。加強(qiáng)在環(huán)境保護(hù)、人權(quán)、發(fā)展等問題上的國際合作。將人權(quán)問題作為其外交政策的核心。
與中國關(guān)系:1950年1月宣布承認(rèn)中華人民共和國。1954年6月17日中英達(dá)成互派代辦的協(xié)議。1972年3月13日兩國簽訂了升格為大使級外交關(guān)系的聯(lián)合公報。1982年9月,英國首相撒切爾夫人作為英國第一位在職首相訪華。1984年12月,英國首相撒切爾夫人再次訪華,與中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人共同簽署了中英關(guān)于香港問題的聯(lián)合聲明。
Introduction United Kingdom Top of Page
Background:
Great Britain, the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century, played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. The first half of the 20th century saw the UK's strength seriously depleted in two World Wars. The second half witnessed the dismantling of the Empire and the UK rebuilding itself into a modern and prosperous European nation. As one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, the UK pursues a global approach to foreign policy; it currently is weighing the degree of its integration with continental Europe. A member of the EU, it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union for the time being. Constitutional reform is also a significant issue in the UK. The Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1999, but the latter is suspended due to wrangling over the peace process.
Geography United Kingdom Top of Page
Location:
Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France
Geographic coordinates:
54 00 N, 2 00 W
Map references:
Europe
Area:
total: 244,820 sq km
land: 241,590 sq km
water: 3,230 sq km
note: includes Rockall and Shetland Islands
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries:
total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km
Coastline:
12,429 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries
Climate:
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
Terrain:
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: The Fens -4 m
highest point: Ben Nevis 1,343 m
Natural resources:
coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate, arable land
Land use:
arable land: 23.23%
permanent crops: 0.2%
other: 76.57% (2005)
Irrigated land:
1,700 sq km (2003)
Natural hazards:
winter windstorms; floods
Environment - current issues:
continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target and move toward a domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 the government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to 33% by 2015; between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling increased from 8.8% to 10.3%
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geography - note:
lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters
People United Kingdom Top of Page
Population:
60,609,153 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17.5% (male 5,417,663/female 5,161,714)
15-64 years: 66.8% (male 20,476,571/female 19,988,959)
65 years and over: 15.8% (male 4,087,020/female 5,477,226) (2006 est.)
Median age:
total: 39.3 years
male: 38.2 years
female: 40.4 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.28% (2006 est.)
Birth rate:
10.71 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate:
10.13 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration rate:
2.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 78.54 years
male: 76.09 years
female: 81.13 years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.2% (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
51,000 (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
less than 500 (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Briton(s), British (collective plural)
adjective: British
Ethnic groups:
white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
Religions:
Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)
Languages:
English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 i n Scotland)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
Government United Kingdom Top of Page
Country name:
conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales
conventional short form: United Kingdom
abbreviation: UK
Government type:
constitutional monarchy
Capital:
London
Administrative divisions:
England: 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 29 London boroughs, 12 cities and boroughs, 10 districts, 12 cities, 3 royal boroughs
boroughs: Barnsley, Blackburn with Darwen, Blackpool, Bolton, Bournemouth, Bracknell Forest, Brighton and Hove, Bury, Calderdale, Darlington, Doncaster, Dudley, Gateshead, Halton, Hartlepool, Kirklees, Knowsley, Luton, Medway, Middlesbrough, Milton Keynes, North Tyneside, Oldham, Poole, Reading, Redcar and Cleveland, Rochdale, Rotherham, Sandwell, Sefton, Slough, Solihull, Southend-on-Sea, South Tyneside, St. Helens, Stockport, Stockton-on-Tees, Swindon, Tameside, Thurrock, Torbay, Trafford, Walsall, Warrington, Wigan, Wirral, Wolverhampton
counties (or unitary authorities): Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, He
英國旅游英文的介紹?。?!哪位達(dá)人幫幫我,小的銀子奉上?。?/h2>
This has always been a most remarkable country. From its ancient beginnings with the Celtic tribes about 3,000 years ago through the colonization by the Romans in 42 AD to the present, Britain has enjoyed one of the world's most interesting and colorful histories. The variety of life throughout England, Scotland and Wales as well as Northern Ireland makes for new and memorable experiences in each and every visit.
Capital: London
Population: 59,000,000
Area: 94, 500 square miles
Language: English
Time: +5 Hours from New York
Electricity: 220 volts/ 50 Hz (many hotels have 110 plugs for American shavers)
Geography: The country is surrounded by water except along the Northern Ireland / Republic of Ireland border. The country is as varied as its weather which is due largely to its geography. Scotland is mostly mountainous in the northern areas and mostly a plains area in the south. Northern England is quite hilly and flat for the rest of the area. Wales is almost entirely mountainous except for the coastline.
International Airports
London - Heathrow (LHR) The airport is about 16 miles from London's West end. It takes about 45 minutes by cab or the Underground. A new train from Paddington station takes only 15 minutes and also operates every 20 minutes and connect to Terminals 3 and 4. Busses and taxis are plentiful. There is bus service from Heathrow to most major centers of the country including rail connecting points.
London - Gatwick Airport (LGW) -The airport is about 25 miles from central London and is connected primarily by a train which takes about 35 minutes. The train operates every 20 minutes during the day. Bus service is very slow and not advised. Taxis are also slow and expensive from this far out from London. Passengers alighting from the Gatwick Train at the end of their journey at Victoria Station have many taxis waiting for them and also the complete transport system of London.
Birmingham - Birmingham International (BHX) - This is an extremely well laid out airport next to the Birmingham Exposition Centre. Train service from downtown is frequent and some bus service exists. Taxis are plentiful. Train service is available to all parts of the UK from the airport. Travel time by train is about 12 minutes.
Manchester - Manchester International Airport (MAN - The airport is about 15 miles from the city and is most easily accessible by train which operates about every 20 minutes during the day. Bus and taxi service is available.
Glasgow - Glasgow Airport (GLA) - The airport is about 12 miles from the city. Bus and taxi service is available.
Edinburgh - Edinburgh Airport (EDI) - The airport is located about 8 miles from the city center. Taxi and bus service available.
Tipping: A service charge is usually added to the bill which amounts to 10% in restaurants. If you do not see this on the bill, leave a tip. Otherwise just leave small change.
Shopping: Shops and stores are open 9 am to 5:30 pm daily except Sundays. This is a country of antiques and they are everywhere. Woolens and linens are quite good as well as the Wedgwood, Royal Doulton china and porcelain. Clothing is also very good with the abundance of Harris Tweeds and various cottons and silks.
Food and Drink: Britain is the crossroads of the Commonwealth and so every imaginable cuisine is available here - especially in London. Puddings in England and Wales and various Scottish specialties in the north are very interesting. Pubs are a focal point of communities and are a source of excellent and inexpensive food. Beverages here are not limited to those enriched with alcohol but all sorts of family oriented beverages.
Social: The British are not stuffy, only historical portrayals of them. Most are very down to earth and extremely engaging and willing to help the traveler along the way. If anything, they will want to discover more of the 'colonies' in conversations with you. You will also discover that the English, Scots and Welsh as well as the No rthern Irish are very different people as may be found in different parts of North America.
Business: Business culture has changed sharply. Position is no longer engrained into society but a new term called "meritocracy" which has revolutionized the social, political and economic morays of Britain. This is reflected tremendously in business affairs. Three piece suits, umbrellas and bowler hats have disappeared and have been replaced with smartly dressed figures who are bright, energetic and quite knowledgeable in their fields. Business appointments and business cards are essential.
Banking: Banks are usually open from 9:30 am to 4 pm weekdays. A few branches are open on Saturdays.
Currency: The British Pound
Money Exchange: This is fairly easy to do anywhere, but be mindful that travelers checks are not readily accepted unless they are in UK pounds. Best place to exchange currency is at the banks. Be extremely careful about changing currency at small kiosks. You may get a very good exchange rate only to be socked by a very high commission or service charge or no commission and a very poor rate or worst of all poor rates and high commission. Banks are the best.
Credit cards: Visa, Master Card, American Express and Diners Club are well known.
The country has a varied climate ranging from subtropical in the southwest to cold and rainy in the northwest of Scotland. The country has its share of rain which can fall at any time. Scotland's northwest is the wettest area of the country. The southeast is quite sunny and tends to have the overall greatest amount of sun. The southwest is the mildest.
Destination: England
In England's North Country you’ll find the scenic splendour of lakes and mountains, castles, dramatic coastlines and glorious National Parks, combined with the medieval city of York, lively Blackpool and Manchester, world renowned for its football.
Travel south and you'll see a gentler landscape; quiet country lanes and inland waterways, the shimmering fenlands of the east coast and Stratford, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the university city of Cambridge.
Continue south of London and the area boasts glorious gardens, oast houses and stately homes whilst, the southern coast has an enviable reputation for its beaches and resorts, historic market towns, and the charming cathedral cities of Winchester and Salisbury, close to Stonehenge.
To the South West of London, the West Country offers great surfing off the craggy Cornwall coast, picturesque thatched cottage villages in the Cotswolds, cider from Somerset and delicious Devon cream teas.
Destination: The East of England
There are so many places to go and things to see in the East of England you'll find it hard to fit it all in! Each of the region's counties has its very own unique character and all of them have a wealth of places to explore and treasures to discover. Step into the East of England and you step into a subtly different world. Senses are somehow heightened beneath the great wide skies that arch above the area due to its flat landscape.
It's England as you like it - the perfect mix of soft and gentle countryside, ancient cities, stately homes and gardens, charming towns, storybook villages, bird-reserved beaches and old-fashioned seaside fun. And all with that special additive - so very unique to the East of England - a very quirky individuality. In Stilton, Cambridgeshire, they roll cheeses down the street. At Grimston, Norfolk, they race snails on the cricket pitch for prizes. And at Great Dunmow, Essex, they have a mock trial, complete with a bewigged judge, to find a couple who 'haven't had a brawl for the last 12 months and a day'. Delightfully different!
There are ghosts galore throughout the region. At Blickling Hall, Norfolk, it's not just the horseman that is headless - but the horses, too, along with poor Ann Boleyn who sits with her head on her lap. On the Norfolk Broads there's a phantom skater and a ghost wherry. And at Dunwich, Suffolk, now lost beneath the waves, you can listen for the church bells of a huge and prosperous town.
Follies are a favourite in the eccentric East. You'll find all shapes and sizes from the giant rotunda of 18th century Ickworth House to the House in the Clouds on the Suffolk Coast - a former water tower converted into a unique holiday home. And then there are those other oddities - like the huge Tudor Dovecote at Willington in Bedfordshire, where there are also remains of a Viking harbour down by the river. And to get really confused - try and puzzle out the ancient earth maze at Saffron Walden, Essex. Or how they built the Mathematical Bridge in Cambridge without any nails.
Must see and do
Imperial War Museum, Duxford, CambridgeshireKings College Chapel, Cambridge
Norfolk Lavender, Heacham
Blickling Hall, Blickling
Sutton Hoo, Woodbridge
National Stud, Newmarket
Audley End House, Park and Gardens, Saffron Walden
Colchester Zoo, Colchester
Woburn Abbey, Woburn
Hatfield House, Hatfield
Events
February: Lambing Sundays and Spring Bulb Days, Kentwell Hall (Long Melford)
March: Shire Horse Society Spring Show, Peterborough (Cambridgeshire)
April: Easter Craft Show, Blickling Hall (Norfolk)
May: Living Crafts Exhibition (Hatfield House)
June: Wings and Wheel Model Spectacular, North Weald Airfield (Epping)
July: World Pea Shooting Championships, Witcham (Cambridgeshire)
August: De Havilland Moth Club Fly-In, Woburn Abbey (Bedfordshire)
September: Maldon Regatta, Maldon (Essex)
October: Norwich Beer Festival, Norwich (Norfolk)
November: The Thursford Collection Christmas Spectacular, Thursford (Norfolk)
December: Maldon Mud Race, Maldon (Essex)
Destination: England's North Country
Explore the great heritage cities of York and Chester. Escape to the Lake District and Yorkshire Dales National Parks. Relive the drama of Hadrian's Wall and Fountain's Abbey World Heritage Sites. Refresh your spirits in the lofty castles and humble fishing villages of the Heritage Coastline. Chill out in the cultural, creative cities of Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle. Walk from coast to coast. Fly to the magical Isle of Man. Cycle on the backbone of Britain. Climb England's highest mountain.
Welcome to England's North Country. Make it your own
Things to see and do...
Durham Cathedral and Castle
Jorvik Viking Festival, York (February)
Take a walk on historic York’s city walls
Isle of Man Walking Festival (June)
Enjoy a picnic in the beautiful landscape of the Yorkshire Dales National Park
The Great Yorkshire Show, Harrogate (July)
RHS Flower Show at Tatton Park, Cheshire (July)
Take a stroll along Liverpool’s waterfront
Relax on a Windermere Lake Cruise in the Lake District National Park
International Beatles Week, Liverpool (August)
Please confirm all dates are correct before departure.
Destination: Heart of England
Like the rest of England, the Heart of England is charmingly individual, but the bonus is that the Heart of England is at the hub of Britain’s road network, so exploring every last bit of it is made very easy! You don’t have to fly into London because there is the international airport at Birmingham right in the centre of the region. Birmingham is also now able to offer a world-class cultural scene, superb shopping, top attractions, fantastic nightlife, major international events and exhibitions
Take some time to visit the Cotswolds, taking in the many honey-coloured villages. The potteries of Staffordshire to the north of the region are juxtaposed with Shakespeare’s Stratford-on-Avon and the nearby lesser-known parts of Warwickshire. Close by lies the Black Country, and a visit here will reveal a rich seam of art, crafts, tradition and culture with modern architectural design sitting alongside villages from the Victorian era.
Explore the counties of Herefordshire and Shropshire along the beautiful borderlands of England and Wales, sampling the myriad of excellent restaurants and locally produced food. Don’t forget to discover the real taste of the countryside in Herefordshire’s famous cider.
In Worcestershire you can find fine churches, historic buildings and a thriving arts scene with internationally acclaimed festivals and events.
This is just a taster of what’s on offer in the Heart of England, you have to come here yourself to discover the rest!
Must see and do
Herefordshire Regimental Museum, Hereford
The Rugby Museum, Rugby
Coventry Transport Museum, Coventry
Ironbrige Gorge, Shropshire
Events
March: Borderlines Film Festival (Herefordshire)
May: Sheep Grand National (Telford)
July: Organic Food and Wine Fair (Coventry)
August: Coventry Kite Festival (Coventry)
November: Military Pageant (Birmingham)
Destination: London
With over 30,000 shops and stores to choose from, as well as a burgeoning reputation in the fashion world, shoppers will not be disappointed - from designer labels in Bond Street to bustling street markets in Camden, Notting Hill or Brick Lane. The capital also has 400 live music venues, catering for everything from opera to Brit pop and sports fans will not be short of excitement whenever they come. The summer sees the world’s largest classical musical festival at the Royal Albert Hall – the Proms.
In the 21st century, London has reinvented itself on a monumental scale. Don’t miss the amazing views from the ultra modern British Airways London Eye, the world’s most visited modern art gallery, Tate Modern, or the staggering scale of the British Museum Great Court. Newcomers this year include the Firepower artillery museum in Woolwich and the Museum in Docklands which opens in September.
London maps
Must see and do:
The London Eye, South Bank, London
Madame Tussaud's/Planetarium, London
Tower of London, London
The London Dungeon, London
The Original London Tour, London
Houses of Parliament Summer Opening, London
West End Westminster Abbey Tour, London
Dali Universe, London
Hampton Court Palace, London
Kensington Palace, London
Events
January: The New Year's Day Parade, central London
February: London Fashion Weekend, King's Road
March: The Daily Mail Ideal Home Show
April: London Marathon
May: Chelsea Flower Show
June: Royal Ascot (Berkshire)
June - July: Wimbledon Tennis Championships, Wimbledon
July - September: The Proms Music Festival
August: Summer Opening of the State Rooms, Buckingham Palace
October: Trafalgar Day Parade
November: Fireworks Night, various venues
December: Christmas Tree, Trafalgar Square
Destination: South East England
South East England is England at its best! From Kent, the 'Garden of England' to the time enduring New Forest and the Isle of Wight to the mellow Oxfordshire villages, the South East of England provides the perfect mix - quaint villages, rolling countryside, dramatic coastline, seaside chic and heritage cities. Choose from rural tranquillity, city sightseeing and invigorating coastlines for a break with great variety.
There are dozens of gardens to visit in the South East, which brim with unforgettable pleasures, from the world famous Sissinghurst in Kent and romantic Nymans in West Sussex, or Cliveden overlooking the River Thames near Maidenhead to the Savill Garden in Windsor Great Park or exotic Leonardslee, near Horsham.
History has left a trail of magnificent buildings from all eras, Fishbourne Roman Palace near to arts and culture city Chichester, 12th-century Canterbury Cathedral and spectacular castles such as Leeds Castle in Kent or Windsor Castle, the Official Residence of Her Majesty The Queen.
This part of England is i deal for gentle walking, that special ingredient of a country visit that sends you home relaxed and invigorated. Head for the Oxfordshire Cotswolds famed for its golden charm, or walk high up on the North and South Downs or the Surrey Hills.
You are never far from the coast and its associated maritime heritage. The Historic Dockyard at Chatham near Rochester covers 400 years of maritime history while Portsmouth is the site of Henry VIII's ship the Mary Rose, Admiral Lord Nelson's HMS Victory and HMS Warrior.
So close to London, this region of history and heritage, coast and countryside awaits your discovery!
Tourism South East – Top Destinations
Canterbury
Brighton
Oxford
Isle of Wight
The Royal Borough of Windsor
Additional Must sees and dos
Dover Castle the Secret Wartime Tunnels, Kent
Penshurst Place Gardens, Tonbridge, Kent
Hever Castle Gardens, Edenbridge, Kent
Battle Abbey near Hastings, East Sussex
Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire
Rye, Hastings 1066 Country, East Sussex
Osborne House, East Cowes, Isle of Wight
Royal Horticultural Society Gardens, Wisley, Surrey
Exbury Gardens, Exbury, Southampton, Hampshire
Wakehurst Place Gardens, Ardingly, West Sussex
Events
January: Embassy World Professional Darts, Frimley Green (Surrey)
February: Olney Pancake Race, Olney (Bucks)
March: Diesel Gala Day, Chinnor Station (Oxford)
April: The Attheraces Gold Cup Celebration Meeting, Sandown Park Racecourse, Esher (Surrey)
May: Brighton Festival - City of Brighton Hove
May to August: Glyndebourne Festival Opera, Glynde, Lewes, East Sussex
June: Goodwood Festival of Speed, Goodwood Park (West Sussex)
June: Royal Ascot, Ascot, Berkshire
June: Henley Royal Regatta, Oxfordshire
June: Dickens Festival, Rochester, Kent
July: Farnborough Air Show, Farnborough (Hants)
August: Skandia Life Cowes Week, Isle of Wight
September: Southampton Boat Show, Southampton (Hants)
October: Canterbury Festival, various venues, Canterbury (Kent)
November: Veteran Car Run (Brighton)
December: Festive Food Drink Fayre, South of England Showground (Ardingly, West Sussex)
Destination: Scotland
Scotland’s great cities beckon you to explore. In the capital, Edinburgh, follow the cobbled ‘Royal Mile’ from the ancient castle, which dominates the skyline, to Holyrood Palace. The highlight of the year is in August when the city hosts the annual International Festival while the Military Tattoo lights up the castle esplanade. Glasgow is Scotland’s style capital. Attractions like the Lighthouse, the Burrell Collection and Gallery of Modern Art reflect the Glaswegian passion for art. And when daylight fades, there’s the pleasure of a good malt whisky - 300 whiskies are distilled in Scotland. Follow the world’s only ‘malt whisky trail’ and sample a dram or two in Speyside or visit Islay for a ‘peaty’ malt such as Laphroaig or Lagavulin.
Scotland’s closer than you think - just over four hours by train from London to Edinburgh and with frequent fast flights to its major cities. The country has nearly 800 islands (130 inhabited), most accessible by ferry. Popular excursions include Iona, with its ancient monastery, and Skye, romantic refuge for Bonnie Prince Charlie.
Are you interested in researching your Scottish ancestors? There is nothing compared to experiencing first hand the places they lived and worked. Come walk in the footsteps of your ancestors and the first step in your ancestral journey to Scotland.
Scotland boasts over 540 golf courses to choose from including world famous championship golf courses such as The Old Course St Andrews, Royal Troon, Carnoustie, Muirfield, Turnberry and Gleneagles. Considering the quality and range of golf courses with accommodation to suit every golfer's needs, your f irst choice for a golf vacation has to be Scotland.
Must see and do
Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh
Mercat Walking Tours of Edinburgh
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
The Royal Yatch Britan
旅游攻略英文ppt 百度的也行注意英文
這首Gavin Degraw——Fire Oh if there's one thing to be taught 哦 如果有件事是要記住的那會是 it's dreams are made to be caught 夢想是用來追逐的 and friends can never be bought 朋友千金難換 Doesn't matter how long it's been 要花多久時間并不重要 I know you'll always jump in 我知道你會投入其中 'Cause we don't know how to quit 因為我們不知道該如何放棄 Let's start a riot tonight 今晚就讓我們放縱一下 a pack of lions tonight 今晚就讓我們像狂野的獅子 In this world he who stops 在這個世界 一旦他停止 won't get anything he wants 他就不會有任何收獲 Play like the top one percent 百里挑一 竭盡全力 till nothing's left to be spent 全情投入 Take it all ours to take 接受這一切 Celebrate because 我們要開始慶祝因為 We are the champions 我們是神勇斗士 Setting it off again 再次出發(fā) Oh we on fire 哦 我們熱血沸騰 We on fire 我們熱血沸騰 Running our own campaign 奔向我們的冠軍之路 Doing the whole shebang 努力奮斗 Oh we on fire 哦 我們熱血沸騰 We on fire 我們熱血沸騰Get up起身Stand up站立 Throw your hands up 甩動你們的雙手 Welcome to the other land of 歡迎來到夢想之家 dreamers brothers sisters others 兄弟姐妹們 Yeah we on fire like that 是的 我們?nèi)绱说臒嵫序v Oh the bond is deeper than skin 這聯(lián)系濃于骨肉關(guān)系 The kind of club that we're in 像是置身于激情似火的夜店 The kind of love that we give 像是給予情侶般濃烈的愛 Oh ever since the dawn of mankind 哦 自人類發(fā)展的曙光起 we all belong to a tribe 我們都屬于一個部落 It's good to know this one's mine 我很高興知道這部落屬于我的 Let's start a riot tonight 今晚就讓我們放縱一下 a pack of lions tonight 今晚就讓我們像狂野的獅子 In this world he who stops 在這個世界 一旦他停止 won't get anything he wants 他就不會有任何收獲 Play like the top one percent 百里挑一 竭盡全力 till nothing's left to be spent 全情投入 We don't care 我們不在乎 We won't stop 我們不會停止 Call your mothers 打電話給你的母親 Call the cops 打電話給警察 We are the champions 我們是神勇斗士 Setting it off again 再次出發(fā) Oh we on fire 哦 我們熱血沸騰 We on fire 我們熱血沸騰 Running our own campaign 奔向我們的冠軍之路 Doing the whole shebang 努力奮斗 Oh we on fire 哦 我們熱血沸騰 We on fire 我們熱血沸騰Get up起身Stand up站立 Throw your hands up 甩動你們的雙手 Welcome to the other land of 歡迎來到夢想之家 dreamers brothers sisters others 兄弟姐妹們 Yeah we on fire like that 是的 我們?nèi)绱说臒嵫序v Oh哦Ooh哦哦 And nothing's gonna be the same 沒有會是一樣的Oh哦 We are the champions 我們是神勇斗士 Setting it off again 再次出發(fā) Oh we on fire 哦 我們熱血沸騰 We on fire 我們熱血沸騰 Running our own campaign 奔向我們的冠軍之路 Doing the whole shebang 努力奮斗 Oh we on fire 哦 我們熱血沸騰 We on fire 我們熱血沸騰 And nothing's gonna be the same 沒有會是一樣的 Hey 嘿
PPT高手!從中國去英國的路線,中英皆可!
倫敦-牛津-斯特拉斯福特-伯明翰-曼徹斯特-湖區(qū)-格拉斯哥-羅夢湖-高地-因沃內(nèi)斯-皮特羅赫里-圣安德魯斯-愛丁堡-安尼克城堡-約克-曼徹斯特-彼斯特-丘吉爾莊園-溫莎城堡
英國著名景點三個 簡單的英語介紹
一、白金漢宮(Buckingham Palace)
1、英文
Buckingham Palace is the principal dormitory and office of the British monarch in London.
Located in Westminster, the palace is one of the venues for national celebrations and royal welcoming ceremonies, as well as an important tourist attraction.
Buckingham Palace is an important venue for gatherings at times of celebration or crisis in British history.
Buckingham Palace is now open to visitors. Every morning, there will be a famous handover ceremony of the guards, which has become a great view of British Royal culture.
2、中文
白金漢宮是英國君主位于倫敦的主要寢宮及辦公處。宮殿坐落在威斯敏斯特,是國家慶典和王室歡迎禮舉行場地之一,也是一處重要的旅游景點。
在英國歷史上的歡慶或危機(jī)時刻,白金漢宮是一處重要的集會場所?,F(xiàn)在的白金漢宮對外開放參觀,每天清晨都會進(jìn)行著名的禁衛(wèi)軍交接典禮,成為英國王室文化的一大景觀。
二、伊麗莎白塔(Elizabeth Tower)
1、英文
Elizabeth Tower, formerly known as Big Ben, is the Bell Tower of Westminster Palace, one of the world's famous Gothic buildings, the landmark building of London.
In June 2012, Britain announced the renaming of the Bell Tower of Big Ben, a famous landmark in London, as "Elizabeth Tower".
2、中文
伊麗莎白塔,舊稱大本鐘,即威斯敏斯特宮鐘塔,世界上著名的哥特式建筑之一,倫敦的標(biāo)志性建筑。
英國國會會議廳附屬的鐘樓的大報時鐘,2012年6月,英國宣布把倫敦著名地標(biāo)“大本鐘”的鐘樓改名為“伊麗莎白塔”。
三、圣保羅大教堂(St.Paul's Cathedral)
1、英文
St. Paul's Cathedral is the world's famous religious shrine, the fifth Cathedral in the world, the first cathedral in Britain.
and the second largest dome Cathedral in the world, ranking among the five cathedrals in the world.
2、中文
圣保羅大教堂是世界著名的宗教圣地,世界第五大教堂,英國第一大教堂,教堂也是世界第二大圓頂教堂,位列世界五大教堂之列。
四、倫敦塔(Tower of London)
1、英文
The Tower of London, a landmark palace and fortress in London, England, is located on the Thames River. James I (1566-1625) was the last ruler to live in the palace.
The Tower of London served as a fortress, armoury, treasury, mint, palace, astronomical observatory, refuge and prison, especially for upper-class prisoners.
It was last used as a prison during the Second World War.
2、中文
倫敦塔,是英國倫敦一座標(biāo)志性的宮殿、要塞,選址在泰晤士河。詹姆士一世(1566-1625)是將其作為宮殿居住的最后一位統(tǒng)治者。
倫敦塔曾作為堡壘、軍械庫、國庫、鑄幣廠、宮殿、天文臺、避難所和監(jiān)獄,特別關(guān)押上層階級的囚犯,最后一次作為監(jiān)獄使用是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間。
五、威斯敏斯特大教堂(The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster)
1、英文
Westminster Abbey, commonly known as Westminster Abbey, is situated on the North Bank of the Thames in London.
It was originally a Catholic Benedictine monastery. It was built in 960, expanded in 1045, built in 1065 and rebuilt from 1220 to 1517.
Westminster Church was the Catholic Benedict Church (one of the Catholic Hermitage) until the founding of the Anglican Church in 1540. After 1540, it became an Anglican church.
2、中文
威斯敏斯特大教堂,通稱威斯敏斯特修道院,坐落在倫敦泰晤士河北岸,原是一座天主教本篤會隱修院,始建于公元960 年,1045年進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)建,1065年建成,1220年至1517年進(jìn)行了重建。
威斯敏斯特教堂在1540年英王創(chuàng)建圣公會之前,它一直是天主教本篤會(天主教的隱修院修會之一)教堂。1540年 之后,成為圣公會教堂。
參考資料來源:百度百科——白金漢宮
參考資料來源:百度百科——伊麗莎白塔
參考資料來源:百度百科——圣保羅大教堂
參考資料來源:百度百科——倫敦塔
參考資料來源:百度百科——威斯敏斯特教堂
英國旅游景點介紹海報素材(英國旅游景點介紹海報素材高清) 英國旅游景點介紹
中英文介紹英國旅游景點
以前到過大英博物館(British Museum)的人可能多少會覺得,大英豐富堂皇的收藏。居然沒有一個足以襯托其地位的中庭,來迎接每日眾多的游客。尤其是運氣不好在前一兩年參觀大英博物館的人,一定對于大門前的圍墻,施工的混亂感到不解。不過這一切的不方便,在去年年底嶄新的迎賓大廳(The Great Court)開放后,終於得以化解。這個耗資1億英鎊,由1999年底開始動工的整修計劃,以伊利沙白皇后二世為名的大廳,在2000年的12月7日正式啟用。整個大廳的屋頂完全以玻璃精巧覆蓋,把原來當(dāng)作博物館的內(nèi)部庭園,還有世界知名的閱覽室,全部轉(zhuǎn)換成一個漂亮廣大并且壯觀的公共空間。這個動用了1000噸石材、400噸鋼筋,還有300噸玻璃精心打造的大廳,美麗的外觀,古典的線條,讓旅客在一進(jìn)入大英博物館,整個注意力完全被吸引至此一嶄新的構(gòu)造上。另外,位于此大廳中心的,就是大英博物館珍貴的閱覽室(Reading Room)。這個圓頂形狀,建于1857年擁有許多珍藏書籍的閱覽室,原本只提供持有閱覽證的人士作研究之用,目前也藉由這個整修計劃,向一般大眾開放,讓所有旅客得以一窺其真面目。自從大廳開幕以后,大英博物館的公共空間不僅更寬敞、明亮,大廳連接各個展覽空間的功能,也讓整個參觀的動現(xiàn)更為流暢。另外,藉由這次的整修計劃,也提升了證個大英博物館的硬體水準(zhǔn),讓旅客有更舒適的參觀空間。例如在大廳的兩側(cè)及上方,規(guī)劃了咖啡座和餐廳,讓旅客在勞累時,可以坐下來喝杯茶休息,或是舒服的用餐。而沿著閱覽室的外側(cè),則有多達(dá)叁間亮麗的博物館商店坐落于此,讓旅客在參觀之馀,還可以購買一些小禮品來紀(jì)念這次的參觀。大英博物館也適度地調(diào)整大廳的開放時間,除了周一到周三開放至晚上9點,周四到周六更開放到晚上11點,這大概是全世界中屬一屬二開放得最晚的博物館了。有意造訪倫敦的旅客,晚上如果沒有特別計劃,不妨到此走走。
景點地址:Great Russell Street如何到達(dá):公共汽車:10, 24, 29, 73, 134;號線
地鐵:Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Russell Square,Goodge St
開放時間:星期一:9:00 - 18:00。星期二,三:9:00 - 21:00,星期四-星期六:9:00 -
景點電話:+44 (0)20 7580 1788
景點傳真:+44 (0)20 7323 8614 Had been to the British Museum (British Museum) the number of people may feel, Great Britain has a rich grand collection. Actually do not have a sufficient background of their position in court, to meet the daily number of visitors. Particularly bad luck in the former in 2012 who visited the British Museum must for large wall in front of the construction chaos puzzled. However, all this inconvenience, in the end of last year's welcome a new hall (The Great Court) and opening up, finally resolved. The cost of 100 million pounds, from the end of 1999, commence the refurbishment program to the Queen Elizabeth II, in the name of the hall,
In 2000, was officially opened December 7. The entire roof of the hall completely delicate glass covered the original house as a museum garden, as well as world-famous reading room, converted into a pretty broad and spectacular public space. The use of the 1,000 tons of stone, 400 tons of steel, as well as 300 tons of glass, well-built hall, beautiful appearance and classic lines, so that visitors entered the British Museum, the entire a ttention was completely attracted to this a new construction on. In addition, the center located in this hall, that is, the British Museum reading room for rare (Reading Room). The dome shape, was built in a
857-year reading room has many collection of books, originally held by only those who read the cards for research purposes, is also through the renovation plan, open to the general public so that all visitors to a glimpse of their own identities. Since the opening of the hall after the British Museum's public space is not only more spacious, bright lobby to connect the various functions of exhibition space, but also the entire tour is a more fluid movement. In addition, through this renovation plan and it has raised a big British Museum card hardware level, so that visitors have a more comfortable space for visitors. For example, in the hall on both sides and above the planned cafes and restaurants, so that
Visitors in the tired, you can sit down and rest a cup of tea or a comfortable dining. And along the outside of reading, there are as many as three units located in this beautiful museum shop, so that visitors to visit the rest, you can also buy some small gifts to commemorate the visit. The British Museum is also appropriate to adjust the opening hours of the hall, apart from Monday to Wednesday open until 9 pm, Thursday to Saturday is more open to 11 pm, it is probably the world belongs to a genus 2 was the latest of the museum open . Tourists interested in visiting London at night if there is no special program, it may be this walk.Attractions Address: Great Russell Street How to get there: Bus: 10, 24, 29, 73, 134; Line
Metro: Holborn, Tottenham Court Road, Russell Square, Goodge St
Opening hours: Monday: 9:00 - 18:00. Tue Wed: 9:00 - 21:00, Thursday - Saturday: 9:00 --
Attractions Tel: +44 (0) 2075801788
Attractions Fax: +44 (0) 2073238614
英國有哪些著名的旅游景點
英國有哪些著名的旅游景點匯總
導(dǎo)語:英國是很多人都向往的國家,也是很多人都想去旅游的國家,接下來我就為想去英國的朋友們介紹一下英國都有哪些值得一去的景點?想去英國旅游怎么能不知道英國有哪些著名的旅游景點呢!
英國有哪些著名的旅游景點1
第一名:溫莎城堡
溫莎城堡是英國女王最喜愛的行宮,她經(jīng)常在這里度過。國王也經(jīng)常在這里為貴族等封號。如果說溫莎城堡是一座城堡,還不如說它是一個收藏珠寶的藝術(shù)展覽館,因為城堡的房間里有不可計數(shù)的英國珠寶。溫莎到處都是英式房屋,這里的歷史比溫莎城堡的歷史還要遙遠(yuǎn),建造于羅馬時期。圣喬治禮拜堂是一件哥特式的建筑,迄今已有5個多世紀(jì)的歷史,教堂是英國建筑的精品和典范。有很多國王皇后長眠于這里。溫莎城堡的南邊有一座公園叫“溫莎公園”,花園內(nèi)呈一片綠色,到處是綠樹,青草,小兔子在綠叢中玩耍,小松鼠在林間穿梭,十分愜意!
第二名:大英博物館
提起大英博物館,人們都不陌生,但并不真正地了解大英博物館。大英博物館是世界上歷史最久遠(yuǎn)的博物館,也是英國面積最大的博物館。大英博物館收藏了許多的文物,圖書。收藏物品的豐富程度在世界所有的博物館中非常少見。大英博物館還是世界三大博物館之一,距今已有259年的歷史。大英博物館有一百多個房間,藏品數(shù)量達(dá)四百多萬件。大英博物館分為五個部分,分別是:埃及,希臘羅馬,西亞,歐洲中世紀(jì),東方藝術(shù)文物館,各個部分都陳列著精美的古物。
第三名:白金漢宮
白金漢宮已在世上矗立了三個世紀(jì)之久。白金漢宮是一座英式王宮,分為四層,有宴會廳等600多個房間。白金漢宮采用了金屬裝飾體現(xiàn)了王室的威嚴(yán)。宮前勝利女神像屹立著,周圍的御花園采用的也都是英式建筑風(fēng)格。
第四名:倫敦塔
倫敦塔的身上布滿了滄桑的歷史痕跡。從塔內(nèi)壁上的字跡中,可以讓人猜到囚犯們的心情。倫敦塔中有一座珍寶館,珍藏著世界上最大的鉆石“非洲之星”。塔內(nèi)的日爾塔,曾經(jīng)幽禁著伊麗莎白一世和托馬斯·莫爾曾,這里的歷史可謂是很復(fù)雜。
英國有哪些著名的旅游景點2
愛丁堡是英國著名的文化古城、蘇格蘭首府,愛丁堡就像一場中世紀(jì)戲劇的宏偉布景,尖塔、城堡、峭壁和古典石柱歷歷在目。因為歷史上常與來自英格蘭的威脅進(jìn)? ?戰(zhàn)斗,養(yǎng)成了愛丁堡人崇尚獨立與自由的民族性格。穩(wěn)重莊嚴(yán)的愛丁堡城堡就是這種性格的象征。愛丁堡也有充滿書卷氣的一面,劇院、博物館、畫廊遍布這座不大的城市。那么愛丁堡有哪些著名的旅游景點呢?
1、愛丁堡城堡
到愛丁堡旅游的人都不會錯過愛丁堡城堡,因為它位于死火山的花崗巖頂上,在市中心各角落都可看到。愛丁堡城堡在6世紀(jì)時成為皇室堡壘,延續(xù)至中古世紀(jì)一直是英國重要的皇室城堡之一,城堡內(nèi)著名的MonsMeg炮于1449年時在比利時建造,經(jīng)過200多年的多次戰(zhàn)役后,于1829年重回愛丁堡,現(xiàn)在安置在城堡地窖中,城堡內(nèi)宮殿有不少蘇格蘭寶物,如1540年設(shè)計的蘇格蘭王冠,與其他的皇杖、劍等文物置于皇冠室中。愛丁堡城堡同時也是蘇格蘭國家戰(zhàn)爭博物館、蘇格蘭聯(lián)合軍隊博物館之所在地。
2、故事博物館
這間故事博物館主要是為了紀(jì)念愛丁堡先民,在各種艱困環(huán)境中建設(shè)愛丁堡為現(xiàn)今面貌。博物館主要分為兩大主題,一是利用各種布景道具重現(xiàn)愛丁堡數(shù)十年來歷史,各種不同行業(yè)專長者各司其職,胼手胝足建設(shè)家園,另一主題是愛丁堡重要遺跡的展示,也讓參觀者對愛丁堡的演進(jìn)有進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識。
3、威士忌中心
來到蘇格蘭當(dāng)然不能錯過遠(yuǎn)近馳名的蘇格蘭威士忌,蘇格蘭威士忌的主要產(chǎn)區(qū)有四,分別為Highland、Lowland、Islay和Campbeltown,其中高地的斯佩塞更是蘇格蘭最著名的威士忌產(chǎn)地,想要一窺蘇格蘭威士忌的奧妙,就一定要到位于愛丁堡城堡旁的蘇格蘭威士忌中心瞧瞧。蘇格蘭威士忌中心以主題導(dǎo)引的方式,提供參觀者基本的威士忌知識,包括歷史由來、制作過程、實體模型,當(dāng)然還可以免費品嘗純正蘇格蘭威士忌的風(fēng)味,整個參觀過程大約1個小時。
4、兒童博物館
兒童博物館被戲稱為全世界最吵鬧的'博物館,4層樓的館內(nèi)收藏了各式各樣的兒童玩具,從搖籃時期的嬰兒到青少年喜愛的玩具應(yīng)有盡有,除了玩具之外,還有許多針對童年歷史和主題的收藏,如傳統(tǒng)馬戲團(tuán)道具、自動玩具、電影傳單、布偶衣服、教科書等,不僅小朋友可以見識各種不同時代的玩具,童心未泯的大人也可以在此重溫童年舊夢。
5、皇家哩大道
皇家哩大道是愛丁堡最著名的地區(qū),最主要的觀光景點都在這個由四條街道連接而成的大道上,從西至東分別為CastleHill、Lawnmarket、HighStreet和Canongate,皇家哩大道兩端分別為愛丁堡城堡和荷里路德宮,都是蘇格蘭以往重要的皇家居所,使得連接兩地的皇家哩成為中世紀(jì)愛丁堡的重要道路。
6、荷里路德宮
皇家哩大道的另一端頂點就是荷里路德宮和遼闊的荷里路德公園,荷里路德宮目前仍是英女王來到蘇格蘭的皇室住所,荷里路德宮的前身是荷里路德修道院,目前仍從有部分遺跡在宮殿中,荷里路德宮歷史上曾發(fā)生許多事件,其中最有名的就是蘇格蘭瑪麗女王,瑪麗女王號稱當(dāng)時最美麗的女人,15歲嫁給法國王室,19歲丈夫去世又回到蘇格蘭,在民眾擁戴中于登上王位,但是卻被控謀殺第二任丈夫,三度結(jié)婚后不久,瑪麗女王在叛變中失掉王位并? ?往英格蘭,被囚禁19年最后仍因圖謀英格蘭王位而被處死。
7、圣路德公園
圣路德公園曾是蘇格蘭君主們狩獵的地方,在面積263英畝內(nèi)有各種各樣的地形、山巒、沼澤、湖泊和曠野。公園的最高點是阿瑟的寶座(251米,823英尺),這實際上是三億二千五百萬年前遺留下來的熔巖流殘存物。凱爾頓山和城堡的基石也是火山的一部分。在這里您可以駕車或騎單車沿著女王公路繞著公園游玩,公園里還有幾條幽靜的林間小道。
8、圣保羅大教堂
1666年,倫敦火災(zāi)吞噬了倫敦城區(qū),木造的舊圣保羅大教堂化為灰燼。當(dāng)時一直受到國王查理二世庇護(hù)的建筑大師克里斯托弗·萊恩總結(jié)了各種復(fù)建計劃,精心構(gòu)思,從1675年開始,前后花了35年的時間,終于建成了今天的這座大教堂。教堂是文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格,覆有巨大穹頂,高約11米,寬約74米,縱深約157米。穹頂直徑達(dá)34米。這座宏偉建筑是萊恩的最優(yōu)秀的作品。
9、大本鐘
看 點 除了在外形上出色之外,大笨鐘最大的特點就是準(zhǔn)確。建造之初,英國皇家天文館就要求大鐘每個鐘點的第一響準(zhǔn)確到誤差不超出一秒鐘,對于這個帶著笨重的機(jī)械敲擊裝置、指針暴露在風(fēng)吹雨打之中的巨鐘來說,這個要求似乎是太苛刻了。不過,最終大笨鐘還是按照要求建造完畢,并且表現(xiàn)良好。時鐘每個鐘點的撞擊聲,仿照劍橋的圣瑪麗教堂,悠揚的鐘聲配合了如下的詞句:“愿這個鐘頭的分分秒秒,上帝導(dǎo)我前行,以主之能,佑吾民平安?!?大本鐘又稱大笨鐘,是位于倫敦西敏寺北端議會大廈98米高的鐘塔內(nèi)的大鐘,每當(dāng)議會召開會議的時候,大鐘上方的燈就會點亮,這個大本鐘代表了英國古典文化,是倫敦的標(biāo)志,也是英國人的驕傲。 大笨鐘有四個鐘面,每個鐘面各由312塊乳白色玻璃鑲嵌而成。透過玻璃,時針和分針隱約可見,在電影《第三十九級臺階》中,男主角用雙手吊在大笨鐘的時針上,跟制造0的歹徒做著殊死搏斗,分針每走一秒都讓人心驚膽戰(zhàn)。 負(fù)責(zé)鐘塔工程的人叫做本杰明·霍爾,人們便以他名字的愛稱尊稱這座時鐘塔樓為“大本鐘”。但最初這個名字只是賦予塔中那座13噸重的大鐘,如今卻已成為整個塔樓的名字了。
10、倫敦眼
倫敦眼也叫千禧之輪,位于倫敦泰晤士河南岸,是英國為慶祝2000年的來臨而建造的。這座巨型摩天輪高達(dá)135米,坐在上面可以俯瞰倫敦。如果選擇黃昏時分去乘坐,浪漫的泰晤士夕陽一定會令人難忘。夜晚的倫敦眼更有一種夢幻的氣質(zhì),被燈光點亮的摩天輪形成一個巨大的藍(lán)色光環(huán),宛如夜空中明亮的眼睛;若是坐在其中俯瞰倫敦夜景,美得震撼人心。
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英國倫敦的著名景點介紹
英國是一個具有多元文化和開放思想的國家。英國的藝術(shù)、音樂、文化和飲食一直受到來自世界各地不同國家的人民和民族習(xí)慣的影響,并與許多國家有著悠久而密切的聯(lián)系。下面,我為大家介紹英國倫敦著名景點,希望對大家有所幫助!
一、大本鐘
大本鐘又稱大笨鐘,是位于倫敦西敏寺北端議會大廈98米高的鐘塔內(nèi)的大鐘,每當(dāng)議會召開會議的時候,大鐘上方的燈就會點亮,這個大本鐘代表了英國古典文化,是倫敦的標(biāo)志,也是英國人的驕傲。
大笨鐘有四個鐘面,每個鐘面各由312塊乳白色玻璃鑲嵌而成。透過玻璃,時針和分針隱約可見,在電影《第三十九級臺階》中,男主角用雙手吊在大笨鐘的時針上,跟制造0的歹徒做著殊死搏斗,分針每走一秒都讓人心驚膽戰(zhàn)。 除了在外形上出色之外,大笨鐘最大的特點就是準(zhǔn)確。建造之初,英國皇家天文館就要求大鐘每個鐘點的第一響準(zhǔn)確到誤差不超出一秒鐘,對于這個帶著笨重的機(jī)械敲擊裝置、指針暴露在風(fēng)吹雨打之中的巨鐘來說,這個要求似乎是太苛刻了。不過,最終大笨鐘還是按照要求建造完畢,并且表現(xiàn)良好。時鐘每個鐘點的撞擊聲,仿照劍橋的圣瑪麗教堂,悠揚的鐘聲配合了如下的詞句:“愿這個鐘頭的分分秒秒,上帝導(dǎo)我前行,以主之能,佑吾民平安。”
負(fù)責(zé)鐘塔工程的人叫做本杰明·霍爾,人們便以他名字的愛稱尊稱這座時鐘塔樓為“大本鐘”。但最初這個名字只是賦予塔中那座13噸重的大鐘,如今卻已成為整個塔樓的名字了。一到夜晚,大鐘在燈光的照耀下,靜靜地浮在夜空中,從對岸觀望更覺壯觀。
二、白金漢宮
白金漢宮(BuckinghamPalace)英國的王宮。建造在威斯敏斯特城內(nèi),是一座四層樓的正方形圍院建筑,宮內(nèi)有典禮廳、音樂廳、宴會廳、畫廊等六百余個房間。在宮前廣場有勝利女神像站在高高的大理石臺上,金光閃閃。正面的大門富麗堂皇,外柵欄的金色裝飾威嚴(yán)莊重,厚重鐵門的浮雕營造出與宮殿十分和諧的氛圍。圍墻里面,可以看到那些著名的近衛(wèi)軍士兵紋絲不動地佇立著。周圍占地廣闊的御花園,為典型的英式風(fēng)格園林。
白金漢宮建于1703年,最早稱白金漢屋,意思是“他人的家”。1762年,王室將其買下,又不斷加以改裝、增建,最終形成了這座色調(diào)不盡一致,式樣五花八門的“補(bǔ)丁宮殿”。
皇宮是一座四層正方體灰色建筑物,懸掛著王室徽章的莊嚴(yán)的正門,是英皇權(quán)力的中心地,四周圍上欄桿,宮殿前面的廣場有很多雕像,以及由愛德華七世擴(kuò)建完成的維多利業(yè)女王紀(jì)念堂,勝利女神金像站在高高的大理石臺上,金光閃閃,就好像要從天而降似的,維多利亞女王像上的金色天使,代表皇室希望能再創(chuàng)造維多利亞時代的光輝。宮內(nèi)有典禮廳、音樂廳、宴會廳、畫廊等六百余間廳室,此外占地遼闊的御花園,花團(tuán)錦簇、美不勝收。
若皇宮正上方飄揚著英國皇帝旗幟時,則表示女王仍在宮中。如果沒有的話,那就代表女王外出。如今女王的重要國事活動,如召見首相和大臣、接待和宴請來訪的外國國家元首或政府首腦、接受外國使節(jié)遞交國書等都在該宮舉行。此外,來英進(jìn)行國事訪問的國家元首 也在宮內(nèi)下榻。王宮由身著禮服的.皇家衛(wèi)隊守衛(wèi)。目前白金漢宮的擁有者是伊莉莎白二世,她出生于1926年,是喬治六世的長女。
整個白金漢宮用鐵欄桿圍著,對著白金漢宮主建筑物的鐵欄桿外,有一個廣場,中央豎立著維多利亞鍍金雕像紀(jì)念碑,它的四周有四組石雕群。王宮西側(cè)為宮內(nèi)正房,其中最大的有“皇室舞廳”,建于1850年,專為維多利亞女王修建。廳內(nèi)懸掛有巨型水晶吊燈。藍(lán)色客廳被視為宮內(nèi)最雅致的房間,擺有為拿破侖一世制作的“指揮桌”。拿氏失敗后,法國路易十八將桌子贈送給當(dāng)時英攝政王喬治四世。白色客廳是用白、金兩色裝飾而成,室內(nèi)有精致的家俱和豪華的地毯,大多是英、法工匠的藝術(shù)品。御座室內(nèi)掛有水晶吊燈,四周墻壁頂端繪有十五世紀(jì)玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭的情景。正中的御座是當(dāng)今女王1953年加冕時和王夫愛丁堡公爵使用的,室內(nèi)還保存了維多利亞女王的加冕御座和英王喬治四世加冕時使用的四張大座椅。宮內(nèi)音樂室的房頂呈圓形,用象牙和黃金裝飾而成,維多利亞女王和王夫艾爾伯特親王曾常在此舉辦音樂晚會。
三、倫敦塔
這里最引人注目的是白塔(WhiteTower),位于院落中央的白塔是一座帶四個塔樓的羅馬式建筑,這里曾經(jīng)是皇家軍械庫,白塔的二樓是圣約翰禮拜堂(ChapelOf St John The Evangelist),它的歷史可以追溯到1080年,也是倫敦最古老的教堂。
1078年,威廉王在羅馬人的城堡舊址上建造了白塔,其真正的目的只不過是為了給倫敦城制造一些壓力,并非真的是要將其作為堡壘用于實戰(zhàn)。1285年,在此周圍又修建了幾座帶圍墻的塔和一條護(hù)城河,自此這條中世紀(jì)的防御工程基本上沒啥大的變化了。
這里雖然曾經(jīng)是主室的住所,最終卻逐步演變?yōu)殛P(guān)押、拷問、處刑的監(jiān)獄。最為悲慘黑暗的事件發(fā)生在1483年,當(dāng)時13歲即位的幼主愛德華五世及其11歲的胞弟理查德被關(guān)在血塔(Blood Tower)內(nèi),并遭暗殺。多數(shù)人認(rèn)為,其主謀便是其后登上王位的理查德三世。莎士比亞曾將其描繪為一個駝背的惡人。
此外,還有伊莉莎白一世被幽禁、??怂挂换锉豢絾柵c處死、大戰(zhàn)中數(shù)名間諜的命喪于此等等,發(fā)生在倫敦塔的充滿血腥味的故事數(shù)不勝數(shù)。
雖然倫敦塔上刻滿了充滿血腥的歷史遺痕,但也不要因此而對它敬而遠(yuǎn)之。塔還是有許多值得一看之處的。首先是日爾塔,伊麗莎白一世和托馬斯·莫爾曾被幽禁于此。還有反叛者之門,囚犯們被船送到此地后便要向自由世界告別了。格林塔中保留著瓊女士和安·伯琳的受刑現(xiàn)場。幼主愛德華五世及胞弟慘遭暗殺的血塔自然也不能錯過。博奇安普塔內(nèi)壁上還刻有臨死的囚犯們的心聲。此外,在倫敦塔中還有一處地不能不去,這便是珍寶館。其中藏有世上最大的一塊鉆石,稱為“本洲之星”(重530克拉),以及東印度公司贈送給維多利亞女王的科希內(nèi)爾鉆石等等。
四、福爾摩斯博物館
柯南道爾(SirArthur Conan Doyle)筆下的福爾摩斯是一個聞名? ??球的名偵探,與他的助手華生醫(yī)生帶領(lǐng)讀者破案無數(shù)。小說中福爾摩斯所居住的地方為貝克街(BakerSt)221b號,1990年在此成立了福爾摩斯博物館(SherlockHolmes Museum),館內(nèi)的布置擺設(shè)都以小說中提及的情節(jié)為佐,更增添福爾摩斯舊居的真實性。
這所房子最初建于1815年。在1860-1934年間,曾用來出租。小說中的福爾摩斯正是于1881-1902年間居住于此。后來,有人買下了這所房子,直到1990年,才正式建立了這個在世界上也許是獨一無二的博物館,博物館的結(jié)構(gòu)與小說中完全相同,加上精心的布置,使來此參觀的人如同置身于小說的場景之中。
一樓前端是福爾摩斯和華生醫(yī)生合用的書房,后端則連著福爾摩斯的臥室。在那里,有身著維多利亞時代仆人服裝的女工作人員非常熱情地向來訪者介紹情況并為來訪者拍照。書房中陳列許多福爾福斯“道具”,如獵鹿帽、放大鏡、煙斗、煤氣燈等。書房的一角,就是小說中讓人難忘的福爾摩斯的“化學(xué)實驗室”。其實就是一張書桌,上面擺著各種化學(xué)實驗用具,旁邊的架子上則放滿了裝著各種化學(xué)藥品的瓶瓶罐罐。二樓原來是華生醫(yī)生的臥室,現(xiàn)在和三樓一起陳列著一些小說中的著名人物的蠟像,呈現(xiàn)不同小說中的知名場景。這些蠟像造型和真人一樣大小,形象逼真,猛一看有時會以為是活人。
博物館中還陳列了世界各地人民寄到這里的寫給福爾摩斯的信(在人們心目中他既非虛構(gòu)也并未死去)。除了問候類的信之外,有些信甚至是請求福爾摩斯邦助破案的。其中最近的信,寫于1999年。在博物館的底層即出口處,是紀(jì)念品商店,有各種與福爾摩斯有關(guān)的紀(jì)念品。小說中福爾摩斯的房東是韓德森太太(Mrs. Hudson),買票之後博物館給的收據(jù)就是一張由韓德森太太出具的住宿證明,相當(dāng)有趣。事實上,地鐵貝克街站的墻上滿是福爾摩斯側(cè)面像瓷磚,一出地鐵站更可看到一位身著福爾摩斯裝的偵探散發(fā)名片,博物館對面也有福爾摩斯紀(jì)念品店。
英國有哪些著名景點 英國著名景點簡介
1、倫敦大英博物館:英國國家博物館,又名不列顛博物館,位于英國倫敦新牛津大街北面的羅素廣場,成立于1753年,1759年1月15日起正式對公眾開放,是世界上歷史最悠久、規(guī)模最宏偉的綜合性博物館,也是世界上規(guī)模最大、最著名的世界四大博物館之一。
2、倫敦眼:倫敦眼,或又稱為千禧之輪(Millennium?Wheel)是世界上首座、也曾經(jīng)是世界最大的觀景摩天輪。
3、白金漢宮:白金漢宮(Buckingham Palace)位于英國首都倫敦,是英國的皇家居所和女王辦公地。
4、泰晤士河:泰晤士河(River Thames)是英國著名的母親河。發(fā)源于英格蘭西南部的科茨沃爾德希爾斯,全長346公里,橫貫英國首都倫敦與沿河的10多座城市,流域面積13000平方公里,在倫敦下游河面變寬,形成一個寬度為29公里的河口,注入北海。